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Simulation

Prior to starting any external beam radiation treatment, the area to be treated must be precisely identified. At the mapping, or simulation of the treatment area, the patient receives a few (typically fewer than 6) permanent marks on the body, which are placed using a very small needle. Usually about the size of small freckles, these "tattoos" serve to guide the radiation oncologist to the exact location where the radiation needs to be delivered. As part of the simulation process, the patient is precisely positioned on a treatment table using immobilization aids such as masks or cradles. This set-up is then duplicated during radiation treatment sessions.

• Computerized Tomography (CT) Simulation

  CT Simulation uses a state-of-the-art CT scanner to display the patient's anatomy in three-dimensional detail. It is capable of producing real-time digital images based on each patient's unique anatomy and is linked to a patient marking system for the highest accuracy. The system offers high-resolution imaging in a short examination time.

• Image Fusion

  The main function of image fusion is to use more than one type of image to define the patient's anatomy for treatment planning. Only the CT simulation scan described above can be used to make radiation dose calculations, but often a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) or a diagnostic CT scan can better define the area to be treated. These images can be linked (fused) to the CT simulation scan to achieve an even higher level of visualization. This helps the radiation oncologist choose the most appropriate treatment plan for the patient, reducing the potential for damaging healthy tissues and structures.