Most people with multiple sclerosis have a form of the disease called relapsing-remitting MS that causes periodic symptoms alternating with periods of reduced or no symptoms. When you experience an episode of symptoms, it's called a multiple sclerosis "flare-up."
What is an MS Flare-up?
"MS flare-up" is one name for the recurring bouts of symptoms that people with RRMS (and some other types of MS) experience. Other names you may hear include:
- Multiple sclerosis attack
- MS relapse
- Multiple sclerosis exacerbation
These are all terms that describe the same thing: a period in which your MS is causing new or returning symptoms. There's no medical difference between an MS relapse vs. a flare vs. an MS attack.
How long do MS flares last?
To count as a flare-up, an MS attack needs to last at least 24 hours. However, it's common for symptomatic periods to come on suddenly—sometimes in just a few hours—and then peak after several days.
How often do MS flare-ups occur?
Early in the disease’s progression, MS flare-ups typically occur about once every 12 to 18 months. Over time, your MS flare-ups may occur more frequently, last longer, and fade more slowly or incompletely.
Eventually, most people with MS reach a point of experiencing a slow, general decline rather than periodic MS flares. When that happens, your doctor may diagnose you with secondary progressive MS (SPMS).
MS Flare-up Symptoms
Multiple sclerosis flare-up symptoms are the same as the general symptoms of MS:
- Difficulty or urgency using the bathroom
- Cognitive difficulties like trouble concentrating, memory problems, brain fog, and difficulty learning new things
- Eye pain
- Vision changes like blurring or double vision
- Balance trouble
- Muscle stiffness or spastic movements
- Fatigue
- Difficulty walking
- Poor coordination
- Electrical sensations, tingling, and numbness
How to Treat MS Flare-ups
For patients with RRMS, a kind of treatment called "disease-modifying therapy" can help reduce the frequency and duration of MS flare-ups. In the long run, this can have a significant positive effect on the disease's progression.
During an active multiple sclerosis flare-up, treatment options focus on reducing inflammation. Corticosteroids are the first-line treatment. If they aren't effective, you may receive injectable medications, IV infusions, or plasma exchange (replacing part of your blood).
The Brigham Multiple Sclerosis Center specializes in comprehensive care for multiple sclerosis patients. Learn more about disease-modifying therapy and other treatments for multiple sclerosis.
FAQs about MS Flare-ups
